| ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠪ᠊ · ᠠᠳᠠᠢᠶᠠ | | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠷ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ | ᠨᠠᠩ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ | ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠥᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠦᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠳᠤ | ᠡᠷᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠥᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ | ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ 1240 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠥᠮᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ᠄ | 1. ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠃ | 2. ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ᠃ | 3. ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠬᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ | ᠲᠥᠷᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ 1996 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠭᠡᠷ | ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠥᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1996 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 22 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1991 | ᠤᠨ ᠤ 115 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ 1997 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ︿ᠤᠮᠤᠭ﹀ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︾ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 12 — 13 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ︵ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ︵ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ︶᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠤᠪᠤᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬ᠊ · ᠫᠧᠷᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ︽ᠤᠪᠤᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠮᠤᠭ᠂ ᠡᠯᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ | ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠡᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ — ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠨ | ᠭᠤ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ | ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠳ ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠶᠡ ᠡᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠷᠸᠢᠡᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ᠂ ᠷᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠤᠳᠢᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠤᠶᠢᠮᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ᠂ ᠭᠢᠷᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠰ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠸᠧᠢ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 220 — | 265 ᠤᠨ︶᠂ ᠰᠥᠢ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 589 — 618︶᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 618 — 907 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ | ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠥᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠢ | ᠰᠤᠡᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠤᠷᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳ ᠱ᠊ · ᠲᠥᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠥᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠡ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠹᠷᠠᠲ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠯᠤᠡᠴᠠ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠭ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠥᠡᠭᠨᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ | 209 — ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 91 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠡᠪᠢ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 150 — 235 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠥᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ | ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠯᠧ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ | ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠺᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠺᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠪᠤᠷᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠳᠤᠢ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠤ 239 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ︽ᠲᠡᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1207︶ ᠵᠥᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠡ ᠁ ᠵᠦᠴᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠰᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠠᠰ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠁︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠄ | 1. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠪᠠᠷᠺᠥ᠋ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | | 3. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 4. ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠧᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠳᠤ 9 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠨ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ︽ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠨ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠥ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ︵бapxy︶᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ︵бapгy︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠷᠥᠭ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠥᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠱ᠊ · ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠮᠪᠡ ︽︿ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ﹀ ᠤ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ︾ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ︽ | ᠦᠨᠡᠡᠴᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠢᠴᠡᠩᠬᠦᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠁ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ | ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠡᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ | ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠬᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ | ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | 1. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ — ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠥᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠵᠤᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ 250 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ | ᠴᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠠ᠃ | | ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠡ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ 944 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠳ 980 | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ | ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠡᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 420 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠶᠠ ︵ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠡᠯ 1560 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 420 ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ︽ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 551 — 554 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︿ᠸᠧᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ︵402 — 555 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ᠾᠥᠡᠭᠨᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠥᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ ︵ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ᠂ ᠡᠸ᠋ ᠭᠧᠨ ︵ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ︶ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ | ᠲᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠧ | ᠵᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠵ᠊ · ᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽ | ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠤᠨ ︵ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ︶ ᠁ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︵394 — 409 | ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ︶ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠶᠢᠤ ᠸᠧ ᠪᠡ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠢ﹀ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠾᠥᠢᠩᠨᠤ᠂ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠧᠨ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠧᠷᠺᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠧᠭᠥ᠋᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ | ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠳᠥᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠥᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ | ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠳᠥᠳᠡᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ 120 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ | ᠳ᠋ᠥ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠥᠷ ᠾᠥᠡᠭᠨᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠪᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠂ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠥᠭ ᠲᠥᠰᠢᠭ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠦᠡᠴᠡ | ᠬᠤᠯᠦᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ | ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪ | ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦᠰᠢᠳᠡᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠥᠰ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠡ ᠪᠥᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠡᠳᠠᠮᠤᠨᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ | ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 10 | ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ᠂ | ᠦᠪᠤᠷᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠧᠺᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨᠤᠳ᠂ | ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠥᠡᠭᠰᠢᠶᠡᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠡᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︵ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ︶᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠡᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠪ᠂ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ | ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | 5. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠡᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠠᠢ | ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠲᠤᠪᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠠ | ᠦᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠺᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠨ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠠ᠃ | |