| ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠪ᠊ · ᠠᠳᠠᠢᠶᠠ | | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ | ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠥᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠦᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠥᠭᠡ | ᠪᠥᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠥᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ 1240 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠥᠮᠪᠤᠷ | ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ᠄ | | 1. ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠃ | 2. ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ᠃ | 3. ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠬᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ | ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ 1996 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠥᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ | ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠬᠦ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1996 | ᠤᠨ ᠤ 22 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1991 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 115 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ 1997 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ | ᠬᠦᠳᠥᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ | ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ︿ᠤᠮᠤᠭ﹀ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 12 — 13 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ︵ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ︵ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ︶᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠤᠪᠤᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬ᠊ · ᠫᠧᠷᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠄ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ︽ᠤᠪᠤᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠮᠤᠭ᠂ ᠡᠯᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠡᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ | ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ — ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠳ ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠶᠡ ᠡᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠷᠸᠢᠡᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ᠂ ᠷᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ᠂ | ᠭᠧᠷᠤᠳᠢᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠤᠶᠢᠮᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ᠂ ᠭᠢᠷᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠰ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠸᠧᠢ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 220 — 265 ᠤᠨ︶᠂ ᠰᠥᠢ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 589 — 618︶᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | 618 — 907 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ | ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠥᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠡᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠤᠷᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳ ᠱ᠊ · ᠲᠥᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠥᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠹᠷᠠᠲ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ | ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠤᠡᠴᠠ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠥᠡᠭᠨᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠤᠨ ︵ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 209 — ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 91 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠡᠪᠢ ︵ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 150 — 235 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠥᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠯᠧ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ | ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ | ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠺᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠺᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ | ᠦᠪᠤᠷᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠤ 239 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ︽ᠲᠡᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1207︶ ᠵᠥᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠡ ᠁ ᠵᠦᠴᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠰᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠠᠰ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠁︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠠ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠄ | 1. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠪᠠᠷᠺᠥ᠋ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 4. ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠧᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠳᠤ 9 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ︽ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠳ᠋ᠥ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ︵бapxy︶᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ︵бapгy︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠷᠥᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠥᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠱ᠊ · ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠮᠪᠡ ︽︿ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ﹀ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ︾ | ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ | ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ︽ ᠦᠨᠡᠡᠴᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠢᠴᠡᠩᠬᠦᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠁ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠡᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠥ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠬᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | 1. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ — ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠥᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠵᠤᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ 250 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ | ᠴᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠡᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ 944 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠳ 980 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ 12 | ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠡᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 420 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ | ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠶᠠ ︵ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠡᠯ 1560 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 420 ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ︽ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 551 — 554 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︿ᠸᠧᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ︵ | 402 — 555 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠾᠥᠡᠭᠨᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠥᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ ︵ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ᠂ ᠡᠸ᠋ ᠭᠧᠨ ︵ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ︶ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠵ᠊ · ᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠤᠨ ︵ᠱᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ︶ ᠁ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︵394 — 409 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ︶ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ | ︿ᠶᠢᠤ ᠸᠧ ᠪᠡ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠢ﹀ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠾᠥᠢᠩᠨᠤ᠂ ᠿᠸᠤ ᠿᠧᠨ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠧᠷᠺᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠧᠭᠥ᠋᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠦᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠳᠥᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠥᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠳᠥᠳᠡᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ 120 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠥ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠥᠷ ᠾᠥᠡᠭᠨᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠪᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠥᠭ ᠲᠥᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠦᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠦᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦᠰᠢᠳᠡᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠥᠰ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠡ ᠪᠥᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠡᠳᠠᠮᠤᠨᠢ᠂ | ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ | ᠦᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ᠂ ᠦᠪᠤᠷᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ | ᠦᠨᠢᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠧᠺᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨᠤᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠥᠡᠭᠰᠢᠶᠡᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︵ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ︶᠂ | ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠡᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠪ᠂ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | 5. ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠡᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ | ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠲᠤᠪᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠠ ᠦᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠺᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ | ᠦᠶᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠭ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠠ᠃ | | |